Value-belief-norm theory can help educators develop effective messages
One pillar of environmental education's mission is to shape the pro-environmental values and behaviors of learners. Though many researchers have measured the outcomes of environmental education, the way values are communicated by an educator or teaching facility has not been explored in-depth. Value-belief-norm theory (VBN) states that an individual develops a value, has their beliefs affirmed from an external experience, and then actively demonstrates pro-environmental behaviors based on those values and beliefs.